Interview and Interrogation Practice Test

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• How does corroboration with independent evidence affect the evaluation of a confession?
• When should a mental health professional be involved in the interviewing process?
• When dealing with a non-emotional offender the investigator should use tactics based primarily on a
• Which is a key sign of unreliability in an alibi, according to the material?
• When the witness's testimony is not consistent with the defense theory, the defense attorney may ask ______ questions to weaken the witness's position.
• Which statement best describes why a psychopath may engage in crime?
• Cues such as laughs, coughs, or clearing the throat immediately after a denial are indicators of deception. They are known as ______ behavior.
• What type of information should investigators seek to corroborate a confession when there are concerns about mental disorders?
• Who bears the responsibility for determining whether a confession is true?
• Define the PEACE model and name its five components.
• The question framed to identify the purpose of an interview when the subject is not in custody is known as what type of question?
• During a confession, suspects often avoid details that are embarrassing or what?
• Physically, a person has three responses to a threatening situation; they can fight it, flee from it, or ______.
• Which statement is false regarding bait questions and commitments of denial?
• During an interrogation, if an investigator feels discouraged, what should they do?
• Which type of question is used to acclimate the subject and evaluate behavior patterns?
• In the PEACE model, what is the purpose of the Account stage?
• Which statement best characterizes a show-up identification's susceptibility to bias?
• What might a guilty subject say in an objection question about future consequences?
• Which statement describes proper alibi handling during an interview?
• When asking for a detailed account of actions before or after the event, if memory of before/after is much better or worse than memory of the event, it indicates
• Which statement about the Reid technique is most accurate?
• Step One involves making a direct statement indicating
• The greatest risk at trial involves an investigator who believes the suspect must be guilty and consequently justifies ______ used to get a confession.
• Are the responses to behavior-evoking questions similar between deceptive and truthful subjects?
• Some state statutes provide there can be ______ by a youth under a certain specified age unless they are afforded consultation with an interested, informed, and independent adult or the presence of a parent, guardian, or attorney.
• Which factor related to the questioning environment influences voluntariness of a confession?
• How does corroborative evidence impact the evaluation of a suspect's statements?
• Which channel handles tone, pace, and other vocal cues separate from the literal words?
• One of the most important qualities for an investigator is which trait?
• An 'objection question' may prompt a guilty subject to do what?
• If there is a bond of loyalty between a potential witness and the suspect, the investigator should what?
• The bait question is one of the standard behavior-provoking questions used in the Behavior Analysis Interview.
• The incidences of psychopathy is relatively small among the population as a whole, approximately __________ of convicted criminals are psychopathic or have psychopathic tendencies.
• Memory-based testimonies are vulnerable to suggestive questioning. How should questions be framed to mitigate this?
• Which criteria are used to assess whether a confession is voluntary?
• During the theme development, the investigator's approach involves providing what kind of justification for the suspect's actions?
• Which of the following best supports fairness to avoid bias during interviewing?
• Memory recall in interviews can be influenced by prompts. What approach helps preserve accuracy?
• During the course of the interview, how many bait questions should be asked?
• What is the main purpose of rapport-building in an interview?
• What factor would most likely undermine voluntariness in a confession?
• What should an interrogation plan include?
• What role should an investigator avoid appearing as?
• How does memory recall operate in interviews, and what is the risk of memory distortion?
• Why is contemporaneous documentation of interviews essential?
• What term best describes the overall approach used when dealing with non-emotional offenders?
• What is emphasized as essential to validating a confession when concerns about deception or mental factors arise?
• What is the most common element of a confession for a guilty suspect to lie about?
• An attitude of despair and resignation is just as common in the innocent subject as in the guilty one.
• What practice is recommended when interviewing juveniles to respect their rights and welfare?
• Besides voluntariness, what is essential for admissibility?
• In Behavior Analysis Interview, bait questions are categorized as what type of question?
• How should nonverbal behavior be interpreted in interviews?
• In juvenile interviews, what is required by law?
• Questions regarding the subject's background and casual conversation are called _________.
• Assumptive questions should be asked only when the investigator is relatively certain of the subject's guilt.
• When the prosecution's case is strong and the defendant maintains their innocence, what defense is a common claim that police set up the defendant?
• Which technique uses different cues to trigger memory from various angles?
• Which practice best supports completeness and accountability in interview records?
• What is a show-up, what is a lineup, and which is more likely to be suggestive?
• In custody interrogations, which constitutional safeguards are required to be provided?
• The investigator should get all the identifying information from a witness before they begin their story. True or False?
• How should investigators handle inconsistencies between a statement and known facts?
• During direct testimony, the witness should walk the judge and jury through principal aspects of the interview and interrogation procedure.
• When must Miranda rights be administered?
• What is the duration of the intentional silence after the direct confrontation?
• When should an investigator cease interrogation and allow counsel when a suspect requests it?
• When a small discrepancy between a witness's testimony and a report or confession is pointed out, the witness should ______.
• The statement that overwhelming investigative findings can cause a guilty subject to give up is supported by the material.
• If a witness's testimony is not aligned with the defense theory, what type of questions may be used to test it?
• What constitutes a reliable eyewitness identification, and how can reliability be enhanced?
• How should interpreters be used during interviews to preserve accuracy and fairness?
• Should emotional language be used when asking about the crime?
• How should an interviewer use silence effectively during questioning?
• To help evaluate the subject's suitability for behavior analysis it is helpful to have them ____________.
• What is the primary purpose of a bait question in a Behavior Analysis Interview?
• One technique available to encourage a cooperative witness is to approach them as which of the following?
• When dealing with suspects who may have severe mental disorders, investigators should seek what type of information?
• When interrogating a juvenile suspect the question of ______ may be different from that of an adult.
• Why are leading questions discouraged in interviews?
• Which feature is part of minimizing lineup bias?
• The phenomenon described as responding based on earlier communication such as 'like I wrote in my statement' is known as ______.
• One type of paralinguistic behavior that considers the length of time between the last word of the interrogator's question and the first word of the subject's response is ______.
• A qualifying phrase such as 'I would have to say no' is known as an ______ phrase.
• In interview notes, which feature most supports admissibility and reliability?
• Which term describes the claim that prosecutors set up the defendant to obtain a confession?
• When questioning a witness, should the investigator use emotional words such as rape or murder when asking about the crime?
• When asked if they know who might have committed the crime, the truthful subject will _____.
• During which phase is the witness guided through principal aspects of the interview procedure?
• Which term describes the suspect's cognitive stance toward guilt that shapes their thoughts?
• The legitimate use of medication for physical or psychological problems can distort an innocent subject's behavior.
• What is the primary purpose of involving a mental health professional in interviews?
• To determine whether police comments or actions in custodial interrogation situations are prohibited by Miranda courts apply which test?
• Which type of question tends to imply the examiner already knows the answer?
• The truthful subject, when expressing suspicion, will typically do what along with naming others?
• When using a bait question, the investigator should avoid positive, challenging statements because such questions are accusatory and therefore inappropriate in an interview and ______.
• Which factors are considered when evaluating confession reliability in post-interview review?
• How should interview notes be structured to support clarity and admissibility?
• What is the difference between oral and written statements, and how should each be treated in court?
• What is the first element the jury evaluates about a witness?
• In the cognitive interview, which directive best captures the purpose of 'Report everything'?
• When does interrogation have to cease in relation to the right to counsel?
• Why should interviewers avoid promises or threats to influence a suspect?
• Notes that an investigator takes to testify in court are generally what?
• What is the focus of the 'test of voluntariness' used to assess confessions?
• Name three non-coercive interviewing techniques emphasized by the PEACE model.
• Step one involves a direct statement indicating
• If the subject's alibi is general, such as 'I was driving to town,' the investigator should ask if they saw
• A question phrased in a manner that there is a strong implication that the answer is already known when it is not is called
• The suspect's underlying knowledge of guilt or innocence leads to predictable thoughts and perceptions, collectively known as the suspect's ______.
• How can investigators detect and prevent false confessions during interrogation?
• What cross-cultural and language considerations should be addressed during interviewing?
• During cross examination the witness should be prepared to address specific topics related to interrogation, including offering definitions for commonly used terms.
• In step two the investigator should begin the development of a theme which involves, in large measure
• According to the Supreme Court, a suspect who has once responded to an unwarned yet uncoercive questioning is __________.
• Prior to any interrogation the investigator needs to do some preparation, these include being very familiar with all aspects of the case and preparing
• Which measure best prevents bias when interviewing individuals who speak a different language?
• In cases where there are _______________________________ the guilty subject may psychologically "give up" and their behavioral symptoms may not be indicative of deception.
• The subject's normative behavior can be established at the beginning of the interview by asking nonthreatening background questions.
• The purpose of the transition statement is to
• In custody interrogation, the interrogator must comply with the provisions of which case?
• How should investigators handle interviews with intoxicated or mentally impaired individuals?
• Which statement best describes how to encourage a cooperative witness to share details in their own words?
• What is 'evidence-led interviewing' and what is a potential risk?
• After the direct positive confrontation the investigator should
• Which statements are typically admissible in court?
• A suspect's agreement to be brought to a police facility or to go to the police facility on their own, is __________.
• Which statement best describes the truthful subject's response to suspicion?
• What describes the primary role of corroborative information in evaluating a confession?
• When determining if a 'custodial situation' exists, the subjective opinion of the interrogator is ________________.
• During interpreter-assisted interviews, to whom should questions be directed?
• When a deceptive subject is asked a direct question, they have four verbal responses to choose from: deception, evasion, truth, or ______.
• What are key considerations when interviewing juveniles?
• In juvenile interrogations, the custodial setting may be different from adults in what sense?
• Crimes committed by an unintelligent uneducated suspect are often which of the following?
• Offenders who have a history of escaping punishment through lying are often which type?
• Which activity marks the second major phase of the interrogation process?
• Which principle best guides investigators to avoid bias during interviewing?
• Which factor is most commonly cited as evidence of duress in a confession?
• Non-threatening background questions are used for what purposes?
• Which quality is described as essential for investigators during long interrogations?
• A technique to encourage a cooperative witness is to treat them as a secondary source of information.
• What is confabulation, and how can it be mitigated in interviews?
• What should the witness do when noticing a small discrepancy between testimony and the confession document?
• In cognitive interviewing, which technique involves examining the event from another person's point of view to reduce bias?
• Which phase involves addressing topics related to interrogation, including offering definitions for commonly used terms?
• Unless the suspect __________ asserts their right to counsel the interrogator need not cease questioning.
• What is meant by voluntariness in statements, and why is it essential for admissibility?
• A deceptive subject may use phrases such as 'generally' or 'typically'; this is called a ______.
• Dependent corroboration is defined as what?
• A truthful subject, when asked who had the best opportunity, will often do what?
• It is estimated that within _________ of experiencing social rejection the psychopath will engage in some antisocial behavior.
• Which term describes the observation that post-denial cues such as throat clearing can indicate deception?
• Which statement accurately describes open-ended and closed questions and their use?
• Which statement most accurately reflects a common interview mistake that reduces reliability?
• Differentiate between a suspect interview and a witness interview in purpose and setting.
• What procedures minimize lineup suggestibility and protect identifications from bias?
• What is the most common false confession?
• A bait question can deal with either real or nonexistent evidence.
• Is it important for the investigator to state their desire to help the suspect in some way?
• Information that is not known about the crime until the confession and then verified by the investigator is which type of corroboration?
• During cross-examination, the witness should direct their answers to whom?
• What is a closed question and when is it appropriate in an interview?
• An indication that the suspect is interested and absorbed in the theme is
• When asked if they know who committed the crime, how does a deceptive subject typically respond?
• When a suspect asks, 'Do you think I'll go to jail if I tell you I did this?' the investigator should realize the suspect is which of the following?
• The best way to check an alibi is by
• The psychopath engages in antisocial behavior and commits crimes not for the reward of the actual crime but to increase their self-image.
• Communication occurs at three distinct levels: the verbal channel, the paralinguistic channel, and the ______.
• Which of the following describes the purpose of including known and potential evidence in an interrogation plan?
• Which factors determine the voluntariness of a confession?
• The ultimate test of confession admissibility in the state courts remains the test of __________.
• Which step best ensures fairness when language differences exist in an interview?
• What is the purpose of the PEACE model's Preparation and Planning stage?
• Which of the following statements about psychopathy and crime is supported by the material?
• Which option is NOT a described type of corroboration?
• What are the three described types of corroboration?
• Is it advisable to state the investigator's desire to help the suspect during interrogation?
• Which term is used for the category of deception responses that includes stand-alone hedging or qualifying phrases such as 'An estimation phrase'?
• Which practice supports reliability and admissibility of statements?
• When dealing with a cooperative witness, which approach should the investigator take?
• The most identifiable aspect of the psychopath's criminal behavior is that it is impulsive and _______.
• If a suspect has unwarned but uncoercive questioning, what is true about their ability to waive Miranda rights subsequently?
• To prevent coercive tactics and protect memory reliability, investigators should rely on which approach?
• How should oral and written statements be treated in terms of cross-examination and authenticity?
• A subject's posture during the interview reveals three important assessments: (1) their level of confidence, (2) their level of emotional involvement, and (3) ______.
• Which approach best strengthens interview conclusions?
• What is a common feature of the truthful subject's answer to who might have had the best opportunity?
• The false confessor lacks what emotional aspect associated with a true confessor who comes forward voluntarily?
• How is custody defined for purposes of applying Miranda rights?
• How does bias avoidance in lineup procedures affect identifications?
• Which of the following is true about medication and innocent subjects?
• Regarding the establishment of normative behavior, which statement is true?
• What safeguards are essential to prevent false confessions when using evidence-led interviewing?
• Which cognitive interview technique involves reordering the sequence of events to enhance retrieval?
• In interview practice, how do deceptive and truthful subjects' responses to behavior evoking questions compare?
• Which cognitive interview technique involves recreating the environment to aid memory recall?
• After the behavioral pause the investigator should offer a
• Why is recording interviews important for admissibility and accountability?
• Under what circumstances is it appropriate to terminate an interview?
• Criminal offenders are classified as emotional or which of the following?
• What is the primary difference between an interview and an interrogation in investigative practice?
• In instances where a subject has a mental history of delusions or hallucinations, _____.
• What is the chain of custody in relation to gathered statements or physical evidence?
• Deceptive suspects may deny suspicion unless a certain condition applies; what is that condition?
• A bait question should be used before a subject has made an appropriate commitment of denial.
• Once a noncustodial suspect has made an incriminating statement or expressed willingness to confess, the investigator should __________.
• True confessors typically show emotional turmoil and remorse that is often missing in false confessors. Which option describes this emotional state?
• Which of the following is the third physical response in the triad of fight, flight, and ______?